Energy and Momentum Correction Coefficients in Meandering Channels

Understanding flow behaviour in meandering channels is essential due to their complex velocity distribution influenced by centrifugal forces. Unlike straight channels, meandering flows exhibit lateral variations in velocity and associated energy losses, necessitating correction factors such as the kinetic energy correction coefficient (α) and the momentum correction coefficient (β). This study investigates these coefficients in a highly sinuous meandering channel (sinuosity 4.1) under varying discharge conditions and surface roughness (smooth and rough). Velocity measurements were obtained using Pitot tubes across multiple cross-sections along the meander path. The results reveal significant lateral variation in depth-averaged velocities and the correction coefficients, highlighting the influence of channel roughness and discharge on the distribution of α and β. Comparative analysis between smooth and rough channels shows higher energy and momentum correction coefficients in smooth conditions, attributed to reduced turbulence and frictional effects. These findings contribute to a better understanding of flow mechanics in natural and engineered meandering systems, aiding in more accurate hydraulic modelling and design.