THE INFLUENCE OF FDM TECHNOLOGY PARAMETERS UPON PRINTING ONTO TEXTILE SUBSTRATES

Abstract. The integration of additive manufacturing into textile and fashion engineering has enabled the development of hybrid material systems and novel fabrication strategies. Among the various 3D printing technologies, Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is widely utilized due to its accessibility, material compatibility, and the extensive control it offers over process parameters. While prior research has primarily focused on optimizing interlayer bonding and structural performance in conventional FDM applications, the direct deposition of polymers onto textile substrates introduces a distinct set of challenges, particularly in achieving reliable adhesion to flexible, porous surfaces. Existing literature has predominantly examined this issue from the perspective of textile properties‒such as weave structure, fiber composition, and surface topography‒while considerably fewer studies have addressed the role of printing parameters. This review consolidates and critically evaluates current research that investigates the influence of FDM process settings‒including nozzle and bed temperature, nozzle-to-substrate distance, print speed, flow rate, and cooling conditions‒on the adhesion performance of polymer–textile interfaces. The review aims to identify recurring trends, highlight unresolved challenges, and outline promising directions for future investigations in this rapidly evolving area.