Effects of Athletic Sports Competitive Events on the Performance of Para Athletes in Kenya

ABSTRACT Competitive events are pivotal to the development and performance of para-athletes, spanning talent identification to elite performance. This study examined the effects of competitive event structures on the performance of Kenyan para-athletes, aiming to understand how competitive event approaches influence para-athlete outcomes. An exploratory case study was conducted involving twenty para-athletes selected from a larger population of sixty-six. In-depth interviews and observational data were collected, with validity and reliability ensured through a pilot study involving five para-athletes. Data analysis followed a Straussian grounded theory approach, involving open, axial, and selective coding to identify core categories and develop a theoretical framework. The study revealed a critical gap in competitive opportunities for Kenyan para-athletes, with participants reporting minimal exposure to such events. The research further demonstrated that the existing parasport governance framework significantly affects the nature and availability of competitive events. To enhance para-athlete performance, a strategic overhaul of the parasport structure and leadership is imperative. This includes fostering an environment conducive to increased competitive opportunities, aligning with the performance characteristics derived from the athlete brand image model: athletic expertise, competitive style, sportsmanship, and rivalry. The findings underscore the need for targeted interventions to bridge the gap in competitive opportunities and support the development of para-athletes. Future research should focus on developing a robust parasport system to optimize competitive event accessibility and para-athlete performance, ensuring that para-athletes can achieve their full potential. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of tailored training programs and support systems to address the unique challenges faced by para-athletes. By implementing these recommendations, stakeholders can create a more inclusive and competitive environment for para-athletes in Kenya and beyond. Keywords: Competitive Event; Athletics Expertise; Competitive Style; Sportsmanship; Rivalry; Para Athlete; Grounded Theory