An Exploration of the Factors Behind Gender Disparities in Healthcare Access in India

Gender disparities in healthcare access remain a critical issue in India which limits women's health outcomes and overall well-being. Systemic inequalities, cultural norms, and economic barriers disproportionately restrict women from receiving medical care. This research investigates the factors contributing to these disparities by exploring literature that examines gender biases in healthcare utilization, societal expectations, and economic constraints. Current literature demonstrates that women face limited access to healthcare due to lower literacy rates, economic dependency, and ingrained gender norms that prioritize male health. Studies indicate that women account for only 45% of hospital visits under government health insurance programs, reflecting systemic biases in healthcare accessibility. Cultural practices, such as malnutrition due to discriminatory food distribution and restricted autonomy in reproductive health decisions, further exacerbate these disparities. Additionally, geographic constraints and safety concerns disproportionately affect the ability of women to travel for medical care. Findings suggest that while increased female political representation has improved healthcare access, gender disparities still exist. Future research should evaluate the effectiveness of gender-inclusive health policies and address socio-cultural barriers that limit women’s healthcare access which is necessary for achieving social development and equal access to healthcare in India.