Insights into the adaptation pattern of Joro Spider (Trichonephila clavata) in a new geographical distribution at Jammu and Kashmir, India

The Joro Spider (Trichonephila clavata), native to East Asia, was recorded for the first time in Jammu and Kashmir, India, marking its northernmost shifting in the region. The study aimed to document the presence, behavior, and habitat adaptation of the species in a colder temperature environment. The spiders were observed in Goha Tehsil, Doda district, at an elevation of 1556.74 meters, where they constructed large, complex webs on a road bridge and nearby vegetation. Female spiders, characterized by brightly colored abdomens (black, green, yellow, and red) and long legs with yellow and black bandings, were predominantly seen, while males were smaller and fewer in number. The spiders exhibited unique behaviors, such as remaining motionless after disturbances, and were found within 5-10 meters of roads, suggesting adaptation to human settlements. Field observations, supported by image documentation and expert confirmation, confirmed the species identity. Notably, this sighting indicates the Joro spider's ability to thrive in colder conditions, as the area experiences temperatures of 15-20 degrees Celsius during October-November. However, no spider was found at higher elevations with significantly lower temperatures, suggesting their adaptation is limited to milder cold regions. This study provides new insight into the species range expansion and adaptation, highlighting the need for further research on their ecological impact and management in non-native habitats.