A Review on Clinical Manifestation and Management of Guillain-Barré Syndrome

Globally, the most frequent cause of acute flaccid paralysis is Guillain-Barré syndrome. The majority of patients had a preexisting medical condition, usually an upper respiratory tract infection, prior to developing progressive motor impairment. Numerous microbes, including Zika virus, Campylobacter jejuni, and in 2020, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, have been linked to Guillain-Barré syndrome. An autoantibody-mediated immune response that is generated by molecular mimicry between the microbe and the structural elements of peripheral nerves is well supported in C jejuni-related Guillain-Barré syndrome. The so-called classical Guillain-Barré syndrome is easy to diagnose, but some of its variations may go unnoticed due to the limitations of the current diagnostic standards. The majority of Guillain-Barré syndrome patients respond well to immunotherapy, although a significant percentage experience impairment and may even pass away. According to the findings of the International Guillain-Barré Syndrome Outcome Study, there are regional differences in Guillain-Barré syndrome, such as low-income nations' limited access to immunotherapy. All Guillain-Barré syndrome patients must have better access to treatment, and efficient disease-modifying medications that can lessen the severity of nerve damage must be developed. Along with new information from extensive international collaborative studies on the syndrome, clinical trials are now being conducted to examine some of the potential therapeutic candidates, such as complement inhibitors, which will significantly advance our understanding of the disease's many facets.