Unpacking dynamics: A systematic literature review on gender-based violence, its cultural and structural influences in South African universities

Gender-based violence (GBV) remains a pressing issue in South African universities, triggered by a complex interplay of cultural and structural factors. Universities have been grappling with high rates of GBV cases, which can be attributed to various contributory factors. This systematic literature review aims to examine the dynamics of GBV within universities, specifically focusing on its cultural and structural influences. Utilising a comprehensive analysis of academic articles, institutional reports, and policy documents, this study investigates how entrenched gender norms, patriarchy, power imbalances, and institutional frameworks contribute to GBV in universities. This review employs an intersectional approach, exploring how these factors shape survivors' experiences and the effectiveness of institutional responses. The findings reveal a high prevalence of GBV within universities, associated with both cultural and structural drivers. University policies and societal attitudes were found to fail in providing adequate support for survivors, resulting in the underreporting of GBV. Cultural beliefs and systemic barriers were found to hinder the effective implementation of GBV interventions in universities. This study recommends GBV policy reforms, enhanced institutional accountability, culturally sensitive strategies, and the establishment of survivor-centred support systems to create safer campuses. Future research should assess efforts addressing GBV within South African universities.