Tumor lysis syndrome: A review

Introduction: Tumor lysis syndrome is a clinical condition that can manifest suddenly or following the initiation of chemotherapy. Purpose: To provide an overview of tumor lysis syndrome. Methodology: This narrative review was conducted through a bibliographic search of reviews and research studies sourced from international databases. The exclusion criterion for the articles was any language other than English and Greek. Results: Tumor lysis syndrome is a metabolic and oncological emergency commonly observed in clinical practice, reflecting the consequences of rapid tumor cell breakdown. It leads to disturbances in the patient's metabolic and electrolyte levels, causing hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia, and hyperuricemia. If not treated promptly, these conditions can pose a life-threatening risk to patients. Conclusion: Tumor lysis syndrome is an emergency clinical condition linked to metabolic and electrolyte disturbances that, if not addressed quickly, can be fatal for patients.