Development of a health risk management framework in workplaces handling nanomaterials using multi-criteria decision-making methods

This study developed a comprehensive framework for assessing and managing health risks of manufactured nanomaterials (MNM) in workplaces. The approach combined control banding with multi-criteria decision-making, informed by expert input and a literature review on MNM hazards. A three-layered risk assessment was applied: hazard banding using the Globally Harmonized System (GHS) for five toxic endpoints, exposure banding based on MNM physical state, manufacturing processes, and working conditions (yielding four bands), and integration via control banding to classify risk into five levels. These layers complement each other to enhance accuracy. Control measures were identified and evaluated using a General Technique for Evaluating Control Measures (GTECM), scoring effectiveness, cost, and feasibility, with acceptable inter-rater reliability. The framework was implemented as an online tool to support practical application in Iranian nanotechnology workplaces. Field testing in selected facilities demonstrated its usability and consistency. By systematically integrating hazard, exposure, and control data, the framework supports informed decision-making for occupational health and safety managers. It aims to strengthen risk management practices and promote safer handling of MNMs, contributing to improved workplace health in Iran’s growing nanotechnology sector.