Treatment Algorithm of Complications after Filler Injection: Based on Wound Healing Process

Cosmetic facial filler injections have become a cornerstone in aesthetic dermatology; however, associated complications, ranging from mild erythema to severe vascular compromise, necessitate effective and timely intervention. This study proposes a treatment algorithm grounded in the biological stages of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. By aligning therapeutic strategies with these stages, clinicians can address adverse events more systematically and promote tissue recovery. Early-stage complications such as edema or erythema can often be managed with conservative measures, whereas mid- to late-stage events like granuloma formation or tissue necrosis require more invasive approaches, including hyaluronidase administration, corticosteroids, or surgical debridement. The algorithm emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis, risk stratification, and individualized care, considering patient history, filler type, and injection technique. Additionally, adjunctive therapies such as hyperbaric oxygen, laser treatment, or platelet-rich plasma may enhance healing outcomes. This framework aims to reduce long-term morbidity and provide practitioners with a clear, biologically informed decision-making pathway to manage filler-related complications effectively.