Cissus quadrangularis: A Review of Its Phytochemistry, Pharmacological Activities, and Clinical Applications

Cissus quadrangularis L., a perennial plant in the Vitaceae family, has received a lot of interest in recent years for its wide range of ethnomedicinal applications and pharmacological properties. It is commonly utilized in traditional medicinal systems including Ayurveda, Unani, and Siddha. Cissus quadrangularis, a succulent plant used frequently in traditional Indian medicinal systems, has been discovered to exhibit bone fracture healing, anti-osteoporotic, hepatoprotective, anti-ulcer, bowel infections, anti-hemorrhoidal, anthelmintic, antifungal and analgesic properties. Phytochemical investigations reveal the presence of a wide array of bioactive constituents, including flavonoids, triterpenoids, ketosteroids, and ascorbic acid, which contribute to its anti-inflammatory, dyspepsia, colic, flatulence, skin diseases and antimicrobial activities. Recent studies indicate that Cissus quadrangularis offers metabolic advantages, including anti-obesity and antidiabetic effects, making it useful in the management of lifestyle-associated disorders. Additionally, both in vitro and in vivo findings demonstrate its ability to promote tissue regeneration and safeguard cells from oxidative stress-related damage, further emphasizing its therapeutic potential. This review explores the botanical, chemical, and pharmacological properties of Cissus quadrangularis Linn, highlighting its traditional and modern therapeutic use. Evidence suggests that it is a valuable medicinal plant with potential applications for medical treatment and drug research.