Gandhi's role in social inclusion of tribes: A sustainable Development perspective

Abstract India’s tribal communities, constituting 8.6% of the total population, it represent one of the most marginalized sections of society. Tribal communities were historically excluded from the mainstream of development. Mahatma Gandhi, through his philosophy of Sarvodaya (welfare of all) and Antyodaya (rise of the last), envisioned social inclusion as the moral and ethical foundation of true independence. His constructive programme, Nai Talim (basic education), Gram Swaraj (village self-rule), trusteeship, Ahimsa (non-violence), and ecological restraint addressed the structural inequalities and marginalization faced by Adivasis. This research paper examines Gandhi’s approach to tribal social inclusion, situating it within the framework of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Gandhi’s ideals resonate strongly with SDGs of United Nations such as No Poverty, Quality Education, Reduced Inequalities, Gender Equality, Climate Action, and Life on Land, offering an indigenous ethical framework for sustainable and inclusive growth. By tracing historical engagements with Bhils, Warlis, and Oraons-In Bihar, as well as the institutional role of leaders like Thakkar Bapa, the study highlights how Gandhian principles continue to inform contemporary debates on tribal empowerment, ecological justice, and social equity. Ultimately, this paper argues that Gandhi’s vision remains relevant for achieving inclusive development of Tribes where the marginalized are integrated with dignity into the national life.