Chemometric Evaluation of the Physico-Chemical Quality of Spring Waters in Séraïdi (Algeria): Seasonal Variations of Nitrates, Organic Matter, and Hydrochemical Profiles

This study assesses the physico-chemical quality of spring water in the commune of Séraïdi (Annaba, Algeria), with particular emphasis on nitrate and organic matter (OM) concentrations, as well as their seasonal variation between autumn 2023 and winter 2024. Analyses were conducted on seven springs, measuring pH, nitrate (NO₃⁻) levels, and permanganate oxidizability. Nitrate concentrations were all below the Algerian drinking water standard but exceeded the recommendations for infants and young children. The pH remained generally acidic. Organic matter was more abundant in autumn, especially in inhabited areas. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) helped identify distinct hydrochemical profiles, highlighting the influence of urbanization and natural inputs. These findings underscore the need for regular monitoring of spring water quality, particularly for sensitive domestic uses.