Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor of the Bladder: A Case Report and Review of Literature

Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor (IMT) of the bladder is a rare benign neoplasm with fewer than 100 cases reportedglobally and none from Nigeria or West Africa. It is uncommon in the genitourinary tract and often mimics malignancies,making diagnosis difficult. Typically presenting as well-circumscribed, variably sized masses that can occur in various anatomicalsites, though they are often found in the lungs. It can also be found in head and neck soft tissue, abdominal cavity, omentum,retroperitoneum and other tissues and organs but rarely in the genitourinary tract.Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor is a rare benign tumor consisting of myofibroblastic spindle cells and inflammatorycells. Immunohistochemistry, particularly anaplastic lymphoma kinase positivity, is key to distinguishing it from malignancies.Surgical excision is the primary treatment, with a generally good prognosis, although recurrence can occur in 10% -25% of cases,requiring ongoing follow-up.We present a case of a 53-year-old diabetic Nigerian businessman, who presented with a 5-day history of gross hematuria andweakness. Despite clot evacuation, bladder irrigation, receiving blood transfusions and antifibrinolytics, his symptoms persisted.A CT (Computed Tomography) scan revealed an enhancing mass on the anterior bladder wall with no signs of metastasis.Bladder cancer was suspected and cystoscopy showed a necrotic mass and he underwent cystoscopy-guided partial cystectomy in the same setting. Post-operatively, he had prolonged wound care for surgical site infection. He has been hematuria free. Histology and immunohistochemistry confirmed IMT. He is being followed up and has had cystoscopies and urine cytology which were normal.