Great Chemists and Their Legacy: From Alchemy to Modern Discoveries

Chemistry has evolved from the practices of early alchemists to a cornerstone of modern science, shaped by remarkable figures across centuries. Jâbir ibn Hayyân and Al-Razi introduced experimental mandhods that paved the way for systematic study, while Robert Boyle, Antoine Lavoisier, John Dalton, and Dmitri Mendeleev established the foundations of modern chemistry. In the 20th century, pioneers like Marie Curie, Gilbert Lewis, and Linus Pauling expanded its scope, followed by contemporary Nobel laureates such as Ahmed Zewail, Jean-Marie Lehn, Akira Yoshino, and Frances Arnold. This review highlights their scientific contributions and lasting legacy.