Generative Artificial Intelligence and Students in Primary and Secondary Schools

Abstract The paper investigates the use of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) tools among primary and secondary school students in the Czech Republic, analysing responses from 27,336 participants. The findings reveal that 53.22% of students use ChatGPT, making it the most popular GenAI tool, followed by Photomath (21.65%) and Google Gemini (14.74%). GenAI is predominantly employed for homework assistance (33.09%), concept explanation (30.13%), and inspiration for creative tasks (28.87%). However, 30.29% of students reported not using GenAI at all. Ethical concerns emerged, with 30.34% of students admitting to submitting AI-generated assignments as their own and 2.77% misusing GenAI to create deep nude images. The study also identifies disparities in AI adoption, with students from academically oriented schools (e.g., grammar schools) showing higher engagement compared to vocational schools. Additionally, older students (16–18 years) demonstrated greater integration of GenAI tools, with 44% using AI for homework, compared to 14% of younger students (10–12 years). Despite its potential to enhance learning, challenges include the need for ethical guidelines, targeted teacher training, and strategies to prevent misuse. These findings underscore the importance of fostering responsible AI use to maximize its educational benefits.