Enhanced Lipid Extraction from Marine Macroalgae via Acoustic Homogenization and Supercritical CO₂ Fractionation: A Scalable Process for High-Value Biofuel Production

**Abstract:** This research proposes an optimized method for extracting lipids from *Saccharina latissima* (giant kelp) utilizing a combination of acoustic homogenization and supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO₂) fractionation. This approach aims to significantly improve lipid yields and purity compared to conventional solvent extraction, offering a scalable and environmentally sustainable process for high-value marine biofuel production. The method leverages established technologies—acoustic homogenization for cell disruption and scCO₂ extraction for targeted lipid fractionation—within a novel integrated process, achieving a projected 30-50% increase in oil yield while minimizing solvent usage and waste generation. This study details the process architecture, optimization parameters, and predicted economic viability, positioning it as a commercially attractive alternative to existing lipid extraction techniques.