Clinical and Biochemical Profile of Chronic Kidney Disease Patients on Dialysis in South Gujarat: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health concern in India, often presenting late with multiple complications. Understanding the demographic, clinical, and biochemical profile of patients on dialysis can help optimize management and improve outcomes. Objectives: To evaluate the demographic distribution, clinical manifestations, biochemical parameters, and complications among CKD patients undergoing dialysis at a tertiary care hospital in South Gujarat. Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study conducted over 12 months (March 2020–March 2021) among 50 adult CKD patients on maintenance dialysis. Demographic details, clinical history, lifestyle factors, physical examination, and biochemical investigations (renal function, hematological profile, mineral metabolism, endocrine parameters, and vitamin status) were recorded. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: The mean age of patients was 44 ± 12.29 years, with male predominance (68%). Diabetic nephropathy (40%) and hypertensive nephropathy (32%) were the leading causes. Gastrointestinal symptoms (80%), pedal edema (52%), and neurological complaints (26%) were common. Hypertension (66%) and diabetes (48%) were the major comorbidities. Lifestyle risk factors included smoking (64%), tobacco chewing (28%), and alcohol intake (8%). Most patients (76%) presented in Stage 5 CKD. Anemia was highly prevalent (96%) with mean hemoglobin 7.5 ± 1.56 g/dl. Biochemical abnormalities included hyperphosphatemia (64%), hypocalcemia (88%), hyperparathyroidism (78%), Vitamin D deficiency (94%), and Vitamin B12 deficiency (50%). Low T3 syndrome was observed in 42% of cases. Cardiovascular complications were frequent (58%), particularly left ventricular hypertrophy (42%). Serum amylase abnormalities were detected in 62% of patients. Conclusion: CKD patients in South Gujarat predominantly present at advanced stages with high prevalence of anemia, mineral bone disorders, thyroid dysfunction, vitamin deficiencies, and cardiovascular complications. Lifestyle factors such as smoking and alcohol consumption further worsen disease progression. Early detection, aggressive management of diabetes and hypertension, lifestyle modification, and multidisciplinary care are essential to reduce morbidity and improve survival in this population.