SECONDARY INFERTILITY: CAUSES, DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT

Secondary infertility refers to the condition in which a couple, after previously achieving a natural conception and live birth, faces difficulties in conceiving again or carrying a pregnancy to term. It represents a significant global reproductive health concern, accounting for nearly half of infertility cases worldwide according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Causes of secondary infertility include ovulatory disorders, tubal blockages, uterine abnormalities, male infertility, lifestyle factors, and advancing maternal age. Proper diagnosis involves a multidisciplinary approach with laboratory investigations, imaging, and clinical examinations. Treatment strategies range from medical and surgical management to the use of assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Alongside medical treatment, secondary infertility has psychological and social implications that require counseling and emotional support.