Effectiveness of Digital Psychological Interventions in Reducing Anxiety Symptoms Among Healthcare Workers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2020–2025)

Abstract Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of digital psychological interventions in reducing anxiety symptoms among healthcare workers between 2020 and 2025. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and PsycINFO. Fourteen randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 4,751 participants were included. Standardized mean differences (Hedges’ g) were calculated, and heterogeneity was assessed using the I² statistic. Results: Digital interventions—including mobile applications, internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT), teletherapy, and hybrid models—demonstrated significant reductions in anxiety symptoms. The pooled effect size was moderate (Hedges’ g = -0.57; 95% CI: -0.61 to -0.53) with no statistical heterogeneity (I² = 0%). The most effective interventions were iCBT and therapist-assisted hybrid models. Conclusion: Digital psychological interventions are effective and scalable tools for reducing anxiety among healthcare workers. Their integration into occupational health programs can enhance accessibility to mental health support. Future studies should explore long-term outcomes and cost-effectiveness.