Energy-Water-Land Nexus of India

India’s rapid economic growth, urbanization, and rising energy needs are exerting increasing pressure on its finite natural resources. The three critical systems of energy, land, and water are deeply interconnected: electricity generation requires both land and water; agriculture competes for land while depending heavily on water; and water availability itself is shaped by land use patterns and climate variability. As the country moves towards long-term development goals, including the commitment to achieve net-zero emissions by 2070, managing these interlinkages becomes crucial for ensuring sustainable growth, food security, and climate resilience. This presentation provides deeper insight into the interlinkages among India’s energy, land, and water systems, using an integrated modeling approach based on the CLEWS framework.