Synthesis of organic macromolecular compounds and their applications in depollution of environment

The chemical macromolecules compounds containing heteroatoms have several activities in our environment: antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-fertility, anti-cancer, and anti-corrosion properties. In this work, we describe the synthesis of new macromolecules containing heteroatoms using the “click” chemistry catalyzed by the copper (I) method and nucleophile substitution. Click chemistry catalyzed by copper (I) was applied in the synthesis of macromolecules compounds containing the heterocyclic 1,2,3-triazole units, but the second method describes the nucleophile substitution of the chlorine element located in PVC waste by primary heterocyclic amines. The heterocyclic 1,2,3-triazole compounds synthesized using “click” chemistry were dendrimers, cyclodextrins, polymers, fullerene-porphyrins, and macrocyclic crown ethers, whereas the compounds synthesized according to the nucleophilic substitution are obtained after a chemical modification of PVC waste rejected in the environment. The new synthesized polymers were then applied in the extraction of some metals present in aqueous solutions and ions localized in wastewater. One of the synthesized polymers with the heterocyclic 1,2,3-triazole gave a high extraction yield of the order of 98% with cadmium. However, the extraction efficiency of metals localized in the wastewater was low because there are other ions that have been eliminated by the polymers applied in the extraction study.