The experience of European States in combating illegal migration

The article is devoted to the urgent and socially significant problem of illegal migration in Europe, aggravated by economic inequality, geopolitical conflicts and the activities of criminal networks. The subject of the study is public relations in the process of taking targeted measures by European states to overcome illegal migration. The purpose of the study is a comprehensive analysis of modern tools and institutions used by European countries in the process of combating illegal migration, as well as quantitative and qualitative indicators of migration flows. Based on data from Eurostat, EU legislation, and the works of foreign and domestic authors, the article reveals the causes and consequences of illegal migration, including demographic, economic, and legal aspects, examines mechanisms to combat it, such as the activities of the Frontex agency and the Dublin Regulation, as well as the national strategies of Germany, Austria, Poland, and Cyprus, and identifies them. strengths and weaknesses, which makes it possible to assess the effectiveness of the current migration policy. Particular attention is paid to the difficulties of assessing the scale of illegal migration and the need for international cooperation. In preparing the study, a methodological complex was used, including comparative legal research methods, which made it possible to identify differences in the mechanisms of combating illegal migration in a number of individual European countries, statistical analysis, which showed an increase in the migration threat in modern conditions, as well as general logical techniques. The scientific novelty of the article lies in a comprehensive and multidimensional analysis of the phenomenon of illegal migration in the European Union, which combines historical, legal, institutional and national approaches to identify current trends and develop recommendations to counter this challenge. The author does not just state the current situation, but draws a historical parallel, showing how the perception of illegal migration and the reaction of states to it have changed, which allows for a deeper understanding of the evolution of migration policy. The study includes an analysis of the most pressing threats, such as the potential massive flow of refugees from Iran and its consequences for Europe against the background of the existing burden of Ukrainian refugees. The article emphasizes that effective counteraction is impossible without an integrated approach that takes into account socio-economic factors and transnational crime.