Conceptual Foundations of the Sociological Study of the Non-Heterosexual Persons’ Socialization in Heteronormative Society

This article explores the theoretical and methodological foundations of sociological research on the socialization of non-heterosexual individuals in Ukrainian society. The authors examine several key concepts: discourse, heteronormativity, socialization, stigmatization, and discrimination. It is argued that M. Foucault's concept of discourses allows for understanding the construction of "regimes of truth" that define what is considered acceptable and legitimate in a particular social context, for example, establishing heterosexuality as the norm and imposing heteronormative standards on non-heterosexual individuals, which significantly complicates their socialization process. The concept of heteronormativity focuses on the legitimization and preference given to heterosexuality and cisgenderism over all other forms of sexuality and gender identity. Heteronormative culture demands gender conformity (cisgenderism) and sexual attraction exclusively to individuals of the opposite sex, while stigmatizing and marginalizing those who violate any of these norms. The concept of socialization is central to sociological science and denotes the process of integrating an individual into social life. The socialization of non-heterosexual and non-cisgender individuals in a heteronormative society is complicated by the destructive phenomena of stigmatization, heterosexism, and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity. The cultivation of heterosexist ideologies and discriminatory practices creates serious obstacles to the full socialization of non-heterosexual and non-cisgender individuals. In conclusion, the authors note that Ukraine's chosen path of European integration requires the transformation of society's heteronormative culture and active opposition to all forms of stigmatization, heterosexism, and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity. Authors underlines that only by ensuring equal rights and opportunities for non-heterosexual and non-cisgender individuals can their full socialization and realization in all spheres of social life be possible, which will contribute to the development of Ukrainian society.