Designing Inclusive Language Learning Applications for the Visually Impaired: A Human Biology-Informed UX Approach

This study investigates the accessibility barriers that blind and visually impaired individuals encounter in mobile language learning applications. Using a mixed-methods research approach (quantitative and qualitative), data were collected through an online questionnaire completed by 100 blind and visually impaired users. The purpose of this research is not only to identify key challenges, such as an over-reliance on visual content and inadequate compatibility with assistive tools, but also to provide a practical roadmap for developers, based on a biological understanding of sensory substitution and the principles of user-centered design. The findings show that 36% of users have difficulty locating buttons and menus, while qualitative data indicate an urgent need for audio-first designs, haptic feedback, and full screen-reader support. This paper proposes practical frameworks for developing truly inclusive applications that enrich the learning experience for all users, regardless of their visual abilities.