Phytochemical and Pharmacological Insights into Ficus platyphylla and Ricinus communis: A Comprehensive Review

Ficus platyphylla and Ricinus communis are two popular medicinal plants used traditionally in African and Asian countries for their diverse therapeutic applications. This review delves into the pharmacological potentials and phytochemical composition of these plants. Phytochemical screening of ethanolic extract of Ficus platyphylla stem bark, which is utilized as a folklore medicine in the treatment of epilepsy, revealed the presence of various secondary metabolites like alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, steroids and tannins, that are associated to its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, analgesic, and anticonvulsant properties. Similarly, phytochemical screening of Ricinus communis shows the presence of alkaloids, coumarins, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, steroids and tannins which are responsible for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial and multiple other properties. Overall, the medicinal potential of F. platyphylla and R. communis is reinforced by a growing body of scientific evidence. However, the review emphasizes the need for more rigorous pharmacokinetic, toxicological, and clinical studies to ensure traditional claims and expedite the development of safe, plant-based therapeutics. This integration of current research underscores the potential of these plants as sources of novel bioactive compounds for future drug discovery.