Fire Performance of Cross-Laminated Timber Enhanced by Borax Treatment and Densification for Structural Wood Composites

This study investigates the fire performance of Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) using a combination of densification and borax treatment to enhance its safety for structural applications. Laminated Batai wood underwent borax treatment either before or after densification, followed by tests on absorption capacity and combustion resistance. The results revealed variations in fire resistance and density profiles depending on the treatment sequence. Densification increased density, and borax improved flame retardancy. The treatment order influenced absorption rates and charring behavior because the densification process modified internal porosity, affecting chemical penetration. Image analysis and thermal evaluation confirmed that specific combinations improved fire performance. This approach offers a scientific and technological basis for optimizing fire-resistant engineered wood products with lightweight species.