How to Improve Hydroponic Leafy Vegetable Plant Productivity by Balancing Nutrient Solution, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), and pH Completed with Literature Review on Standard Vegetable pH & TDS Requirement to Support Sustainable Development Goals

This study explores how to improve the productivity of hydroponic leafy vegetables by balancing Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and nutrient solution pH. Using bok choy in a floating raft system, the research applies a controlled experimental design to observe how these parameters interact in supporting vegetative growth and yield. Daily monitoring and careful adjustment of nutrient levels and pH are emphasized to ensure optimal nutrient uptake. Balanced TDS and pH conditions enhanced leaf formation and biomass accumulation, while imbalances caused nutrient stress and growth inhibition. This study offers practical guidance for growers to synchronize TDS and pH in real-time for improved nutrient management. The findings contribute to precision hydroponics aligned with sustainable agriculture, specifically supporting sustainable development goals (SDGs) for SDG 2 (Zero Hunger) through efficient food production and SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production) by encouraging optimal use of agricultural inputs.