Optimizing Collaborative Task Allocation in Internet of Vehicles (IoV) through Blockchain-Enabled Incentive Mechanisms

The Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is a core component of smart transportation systems, making it feasible to exchange information among vehicles, infrastructure, and central systems in real time. However, the effective use of resources and the efficient distribution of tasks in these dynamic environments is a challenging task. This paper presents a blockchain-based collaborative task allocation framework method that can solve these problems by using a greedy algorithm for general task allocation and adopting a dynamic collaboration scheduling algorithm for emergent tasks. Employing the blockchain-based reward mechanism, the transparency, fairness, and security in dynamic mobile crowdsensing (MCS) tasks encourage vehicle participation. Our experimental results show that our framework outperforms traditional task allocation methods in terms of resource optimization and task completion time, particularly for emergent tasks with real-time demand for multisite collaborative vehicles. Further results reveal that the blockchain mechanism can ensure fair rewards allocation and increase system scalability. Future work will focus on improving energy efficiency and scalability, as well as on how to apply privacy-preserving techniques to the IoV environment in the future.