TERAPIA COM CÉLULAS-TRONCO EM DOENÇAS NEURODEGENERATIVAS: FOCO EM ALZHEIMER, PARKINSON E ESCLEROSE LATERAL AMIOTRÓFICA (ELA)

Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) remain incurable conditions with high morbidity and limited therapeutic options. Stem cell therapy has emerged as a promising approach, potentially offering neuroprotection, neuronal regeneration, and modulation of the inflammatory microenvironment. This review examines the latest advancements in the use of embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) applied to these diseases, focusing on mechanisms of action, preclinical data, and early-phase clinical trials. Although preliminary results are promising, significant issues remain regarding safety, controlled differentiation, and sustained functional benefits.