Stages of public prosecution within the framework of enshrining the principle of a fair trial

The public lawsuit is considered the essential mechanism through which the state exercises its right to punish. It goes through several procedural stages, starting with investigation and inquiry and ending with trial and adjudication. Fair trial guarantees constitute an essential framework for these stages, as they ensure a balance between protecting society from crime and protecting the rights and freedoms of individuals. The most prominent of these guarantees are the presumption of innocence, the right to defense, the privacy of hearings, the principles of adversarial and oral proceedings, and respect for legality in both its substantive and procedural aspects. Thus, a fair trial is embodied as a fundamental guarantee for achieving criminal justice and enhancing confidence in the judiciary