Green Synthesised Cleome Viscosa Silver Nanoparticles CvAgNPs Their Biological In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Wound Healing Potential

The present study investigates the wound healing efficacy of green-synthesized silver nanoparticles derived from Cleome viscosa (CvAgNPs) through in vitro and in vivo models. CvAgNPs were synthesized, characterized, and evaluated for fibroblast migration using the scratch wound assay. L6 fibroblast cells treated with CvAgNPs (50 µg/mL) exhibited significantly enhanced migration, with near-complete scratch closure by 48 hours compared to control cells, indicating accelerated wound repair potential. For in vivo assessment, excision wound models were established in Wistar albino rats (200–250 g) allocated into four groups (n=6 each): G1, silver sulfadiazine 10 mg/g (standard); G2, negative control; G3, CvAgNPs 5 mg/g; and G4, Cleome viscosa ethanol extract 10 mg/g. Wound contraction was measured on days 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14. CvAgNPs significantly enhanced wound closure, achieving 72.7% contraction by day 10 and 95.2% by day 14, compared to 60.4% and 76.2% in the negative control (P ≤ 0.001). By day 14, CvAgNPs outperformed both the plant extract group (97.92%) and silver sulfadiazine (99.28%), demonstrating superior wound closure. Histopathological analysis confirmed enhanced collagen deposition, organized tissue structure, and advanced re-epithelialization in CvAgNP-treated wounds compared to controls. These findings highlight the synergistic impact of silver nanoparticles and C. viscosa phytochemicals, supporting their application as promising, eco-friendly nanotherapeutics for wound management.