Militarization and Commercialization of Ports in the Horn of Africa: Prospects and Implications for Ethiopia

The Horn of Africa has witnessed intense competition in the militarization and commercialization of ports. These developments are particularly significant for landlocked countries like Ethiopia. Therefore, Ethiopia must search for opportunities within the Gulf-Horn cooperation scheme. This study aims to examine the implications of port commercialization and militarization in Ethiopia. The findings reveal that the presence of foreign troops, an increase in military bases, and the impact of Gulf rivalries are causing serious security concerns. In light of this security conundrum, it is necessary to reconsider the concept of siege mentality from a different perspective. Indeed, Ethiopia could also benefit from a range of opportunities. For instance, the recent developments in the Horn of Africa could inspire the revival of the Ethiopian Naval Force and offer alternative port options to support Ethiopia's need for seaports. Additionally, this could encourage investment from the Gulf States. However, Ethiopia should also regularly monitor the security dynamics in the Horn region, advocate for multilateral African initiatives like the IGAD-led peace process, maintain a balanced relationship with the Gulf States, and promote a win-win approach to their engagement.