A New Hybrid Fuzzy Decision Model for Barrier Identification and Strategy Prioritization in Circular Rice Supply Chains: A Case Study in Indonesia

This study aims to identify barriers to implementing a circular rice supply chain in Indonesia and to prioritize strategies for overcoming them. Data were collected from seven experts representing academia, industry, farmer cooperatives, and government agencies. A hybrid fuzzy framework was applied, combining the Fuzzy Delphi method to validate barriers, the Fuzzy Best-Worst Method to assign weights, and the Fuzzy Complex Proportional Assessment to rank solutions. Results reveal that the most critical barriers lie in the Economy and Investment dimension, particularly high financial costs and risks, lack of incentives, short-term economic orientation, capital-intensive spending, and low raw material prices. Priority strategies include cross-sector partnerships and fiscal incentives, supported by logistics hubs and circular literacy training. The study concludes that successful adoption requires not only technology but also enabling regulations, economic incentives, and managerial change. These findings provide actionable guidance for policymakers and supply chain managers to build sustainable, resilient food systems.