Assessment of the adaptive capacity of enterprise business models in a dynamic environment

The paper addresses the problem of business model adaptability in a dynamic environment characterized by high instability, uncertainty, and multifactorial influences. Building on contemporary theories of strategic management, particularly the dynamic capabilities framework (sensing–seizing–transforming), the study substantiates the need for tools that enable timely diagnostics of a business model’s state and support the decision on whether reaction, adaptation, or transformation is the most appropriate response. It is demonstrated that existing approaches are constrained by conceptual limitations, including the lack of a unified system of indicators and the blurred distinction between different states of business model change. The purpose of the paper is to justify and develop a conceptual and methodological approach that allows for the quantitative assessment of business model adaptability and supports the choice of the most suitable response strategy for enterprises facing contemporary challenges. The paper systematizes and critically analyzes existing theoretical approaches to the interpretation of business model adaptability. Two complementary methods are proposed: (1) a diagnostic model of business model states based on the reaction–adaptation–transformation logic aligned with dynamic capabilities theory; and (2) an integral Adaptive Index (AI) constructed from a system of indicators grouped into four dimensions of the entrepreneurial environment - institutional, resource, behavioral, and systemic-network. This approach makes it possible not only to identify the current state of a business model but also to evaluate its potential for more profound transformations. The proposed conceptual and methodological approach provides a comprehensive tool for the operational assessment of business model adaptability. Its scientific novelty lies in combining the logic of dynamic capabilities with an integral system of indicators that reflect the multidimensionality of the entrepreneurial environment. The practical value of the approach is its applicability for enterprises to rapidly diagnose the state of their business models and choose appropriate strategic actions in response to market challenges. Prospects for further research include empirical validation of the approach across industries and the adaptation of indicators to sector-specific conditions.