Factor Affecting Psychological Empowerment in the Public Sector: A Systematic Literature Review

The public sector is often associated with complex bureaucratic standards and procedures. This research presents a systematic literature review of psychological empowerment (PE) in the public sector to enhance employee performance, well-being, and a conducive work environment. To the best of our knowledge, no prior systematic literature review has focused exclusively on the factors influencing PE in the public sector. Following PRISMA guidelines, data were collected from articles indexed in Scopus, Taylor & Francis, Sage Journals, and ScienceDirect between 2019 and 2024. The initial search of this article generated 2.643 articles, yet only 37 fulfilled the criteria. The findings indicate that PE was affected by leadership, organizational, work, and personal factors. The reviewed also underscores the roles of mediating and moderating variables related to PE. Understanding PE is increasingly critical in light of ongoing governance reforms, rising demands for public service accountability, and the need for innovation in bureaucratic system.