Theory-based HIV risk reduction counseling for sexually transmitted infection clinic patients in Cape Town, South Africa

South Africa has the world's fastest growing AIDS epidemic. There is an urgent need for effective HIV risk reduction interventions in South Africa. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to develop and test the potential efficacy of a brief theory-based HIV prevention counseling intervention for sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinic patients in South Africa. METHOD: STI clinic patients in Cape Town (N=228) were assessed at baseline and randomized to receive either: 1) a single 60-minute session motivational/skills-building HIV risk reduction counseling intervention or 2) a 20-minute HIV information/education session. Participants completed 1- and 3-month follow ups with 80% retention. RESULTS: The 60-minute motivational/skills risk reduction counseling demonstrated significantly greater risk reduction practices, lower rates of unprotected intercourse, and greater likelihood of receiving HIV testing after the intervention. CONCLUSIONS: Brief theory-based HIV prevention counseling may significantly reduce HIV risk behaviors for STI clinic patients in South Africa.