Eco-anxiety, organic food consumption, and ecological awareness as determinants of sustainable eating behaviors in adults

Background Climate change poses psychological challenges, and the link between eco-anxiety, organic food consumption, and ecological footprint reduction has become increasingly relevant for sustainable diets. Objective This study aimed to examine the relationship between sustainable and healthy eating behaviors (SHEB), organic food consumption (OFC), eco-anxiety (EA), and ecological footprint awareness (ASREF) among adults. Methods A correlational, cross-sectional study was conducted with 301 adults (72.1% women, mean age 26.86 ± 7.34 years) between December 2023–May 2024. A face-to-face questionnaire included demographic data and four validated scales: SHEB, OFC, EA, and ASREF. Spearman correlations assessed variable relationships, and multiple linear regression identified predictors of SHEB and ASREF. Results Most participants (60.1%) were college or university graduates. SHEB was moderately positive correlated with OFC (r = 0.482, p < 0.001)and ASREF (r = 0.404, p < 0.001) but no correlation with EA. Higher levels of OFC and ecological footprint awareness predicted greater engagement in Sustainable and healthy eating behaviors, accounting for 25.8% of the variance. Conclusion These findings may guide public health strategies and educational interventions to promote sustainable and healthy eating, increase organic food consumption, and enhance ecological footprint awareness, ultimately supporting both population health and environmental sustainability.