"Role of Nurses in Reducing Cesarean Section Rates: Challenges and Opportunities"

Abstract: The global increase in cesarean section (C-section) rates has emerged as one of the most pressing issues in maternal and child health. While C-sections are lifesaving in specific obstetric emergencies, the rising trend of unnecessary surgical births poses major risks to maternal and neonatal health, as well as significant financial burdens on healthcare systems. Women undergoing cesarean delivery face higher risks of infection, hemorrhage, thromboembolic events, and complications in subsequent pregnancies, while infants are more likely to experience respiratory distress and breastfeeding challenges. Nurses, particularly midwives and obstetric nurses, are at the forefront of maternal healthcare and are uniquely positioned to play a vital role in reducing unnecessary C-sections. Their interventions span antenatal education, continuous labor support, advocacy for evidence-based practices, and promotion of midwifery-led care models. However, barriers such as institutional restrictions, cultural beliefs, medico-legal concerns, and limited autonomy hinder their potential impact. This article examines global trends in cesarean section rates, explores the multifactorial reasons behind their increase, and highlights the essential role of nurses in mitigating this issue. It also discusses the challenges nurses face and the opportunities available to strengthen their role in ensuring safe, evidence-based, and woman-centered childbirth care.