Modeling Female Users’ Intention to Use Health Apps in Indonesia: UTAUT2 with Risk and Attitude

This study investigates determinants of intention to use mobile health applications, emphasizing the mediating role of attitude toward use. By drawing on UTAUT2 and TAM frameworks, it refines existing models through the lens of risk perception and gendered adoption behavior. Survey data from 187 Indonesian users—predominantly female (84%) and aged 31–40—reveal a distinct pattern: women exhibit stronger affinity for m-health platforms. Performance expectancy emerges as the most potent predictor of both attitude and intention, suggesting that perceived utility significantly shapes user receptivity. In contrast, effort expectancy, hedonic motivation, and price value bear negligible influence, while perceived risk exerts a modest dampening effect—chiefly linked to data security apprehensions. The study thus augments theoretical understanding of behavioral intention by threading attitude and risk into UTAUT2’s fabric. For practitioners, the message is clear: cultivate usability, communicate tangible health benefits, and bolster privacy measures to accelerate adoption among key demographic segments.