Space-age evolution - remote sensing and IoT for productive and sustainable agricultural landscape

Productive and sustainable agriculture (PSA) seeks to optimize agricultural output while protecting the environment, embodying the fundamental goals of modern agricultural practices by focusing on the efficient use of resources, protecting natural ecosystems, and enhancing soil health. In contemporary debates, both the scientific and agricultural communities emphasize the urgent need to achieve a balance between agricultural productivity, environmental sustainability and social justice. Earth Observation (EO) provides valuable spatio-temporal data for monitoring various agricultural indices (e.g., Palmer Drought Severity Index), while PSA adopts a regenerative, cyclical approach to natural resources, making it particularly beneficial for dry regions. Here, It has been observed that countries with Global Agriculture Orientation Index (AOI) closer to 1 are closer to achieving PSA. Only very few developed nations are nearer the goal of PSA, and no country has yet reached this goal. This creates challenges for shaping digitalization in a socially responsible manner. This study centre on technical expertise to tackle agricultural obstacles and promote sustainable intensification. A cohesive technologically driven agricultural framework through the integration of Earth observation data is proposed here to maximize the synergistic use of human and natural resources.