The transformation of a two-dimensional graphics system to a three-dimensional spatial structure: how digital scanning and 3D printing are changing the creation of spatial structures

The paper explores the transformation of two-dimensional graphic systems into three-dimensional spatial structures and their integration into a real environment, focusing on digital scanning and 3D printing. The basic principles of 2D to 3D transformation are analyzed, describing the process in several stages: from extracting topological features and defining a “building block” in two-dimensional space, through the generation of three-dimensional shape variants by applying 3D transformations, to the integration of the final model into a real environment. In conclusion, the article emphasizes that digital technologies are key to the development of this field, allowing unprecedented precision, accelerated iterative process, personalization and improved integration between the digital and the physical.