Optimization of Phenolic Compounds Extraction from Capparis spinosa Flowers Using Response Surface Methodology

This study aims to valorize the flowers of Capparis spinosa, a by-product of the industry, which is typically discarded during the sorting and sizing of capers. The focus was on optimizing the extraction of phenolic compounds using a three-factor central composite design from Response Surface Methodology (RSM), with factors such as solvent, time, and temperature. The goal was to maximize the yield and total phenolic content (TPC). Results indicated that both temperature and extraction time significantly affected the yield and quality of the extracts. The statistical model explained 90.2% of the variance for yield and 94.8% for TPC, confirming its relevance. Phenolic yield ranged from 15% to 36%, while TPC varied from 30% to 84%, highlighting the impact of extraction conditions. In conclusion, optimizing extraction parameters, particularly temperature and time, is crucial for obtaining Capparis spinosa extracts rich in phenolic compounds, which are valuable for industrial applications in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food sectors.