Heritage Preservation in Flood-Prone Urban Areas: Bibliometric, Risk Index, and Spatial Analysis of Historic Buildings in Semarang

Historic buildings in coastal and low-lying cities are increasingly threatened by tidal flooding, land subsidence, and climate-driven sea-level rise. Preserving these assets requires a framework that integrates cultural heritage values with disaster risk assessment. This study applies three approaches: bibliometric analysis to examine research trends on historic buildings and disasters; weighting analysis of cultural values based on Burra Charter parameters, including historical, aesthetic, social, and authenticity aspects; and spatial analysis using GIS and Digital Elevation Model data to map flood-prone zones. The results show that landmark buildings with strong historical and architectural significance are consistently prioritized for preservation. In contrast, structures with limited cultural importance or advanced deterioration rank lower in feasibility for conservation. Spatial mapping highlights that heritage sites in flat and low-lying areas face the greatest exposure to flooding and sea-level rise. This interdisciplinary framework provides a scientific basis for prioritizing heritage preservation in flood-vulnerable urban environments. It also supports adaptive conservation strategies that align cultural continuity with resilience to environmental hazards.