In-vitro Evaluation of Dose-Dependent Cytotoxicity of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized from Caralluma fimbriata (Wall) on A549 Lung Carcinoma Cells via MTT Assay

Lung cancer, particularly non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), presents significant challenges in terms of treatment and prognosis, with conventional therapies often showing limited long-term effectiveness. This study explores the potential of zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized from Caralluma fimbriata (Wall) (CF1Np) as a novel therapeutic agent against A549 human lung carcinoma cells. Employing eco-friendly green synthesis methods, the study highlights both the biocompatibility and sustainable aspects of nanoparticle production. Characterization of CF1Np demonstrated a size range of 14-21 nm, as confirmed by techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The cytotoxic effects of CF1Np were assessed using the MTT assay, which revealed a dose-dependent reduction in cell viability, with an IC of 118.57 µg/ml, indicating lower potency compared to the standard chemotherapeutic agent 5-Fluorouracil (IC of 23.37 µg/ml). Although CF1Np exhibited some anticancer activity, its effectiveness suggests a need for further optimization to enhance its therapeutic potential. This research emphasizes the importance of plant-derived nanoparticles in cancer treatment and underscores the necessity for ongoing exploration of biosynthetic approaches in developing effective anticancer therapies.