A Complex Operator Z = M + i Q : Advantages for QCD and the Standard Model

We introduce a complex operator Z = M + iQ that unifies dynamical (mass-related) and topological (charge-related) contributions within a single holomorphic structure. This formulation offers significant advantages over separate treatments of M and Q, enabling compact representation of symmetries, natural holomorphic renormalization group flows, and a unified criterion for gauge coupling unification. In the context of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) and the Standard Model (SM), the operator framework clarifies confinement, CP violation, and the convergence of running couplings in the grand unification limit.

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Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2025-09-16
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17131583
Primary Topic
Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
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article

A Complex Operator Z = M + i Q : Advantages for QCD and the Standard Model

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping
article

A Complex Operator Z = M + i Q : Advantages for QCD and the Standard Model

article en

Abstract

We introduce a complex operator Z = M + iQ that unifies dynamical (mass-related) and topological (charge-related) contributions within a single holomorphic structure. This formulation offers significant advantages over separate treatments of M and Q, enabling compact representation of symmetries, natural holomorphic renormalization group flows, and a unified criterion for gauge coupling unification. In the context of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) and the Standard Model (SM), the operator framework clarifies confinement, CP violation, and the convergence of running couplings in the grand unification limit.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Philipps University of Marburg (DE), Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen (DE), Giessen School of Theology (DE)
Peace, Justice and strong institutions
Openalex Percentile: Top 39%
Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping
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