Lifting More Than Weights: Multi-dimensional Health Benefits of Resistance Training in Children

Recent advances in pediatric exercise physiology have opened new horizons in understanding the fundamental role of physical activity in children’s physical, psychological, and cognitive development. In response to the alarming rise in childhood obesity, sedentary behavior, and the early onset of lifestyle-related non-communicable diseases, numerous studies have investigated the effects of structured exercise interventions, particularly resistance training (RT). Interventions involving RT can impact metabolic health, physical fitness, and cognitive performance in children and adolescents. Further, evidence from studies conducted between 2011 and 2025 indicates that RT, even in prepubertal populations, can safely enhance muscular strength, improve body composition, increase bone health, improve fundamental movement skill performance, reduce injury risk, and support cognitive functions. Moreover, tailoring training programs to individual needs within educational and community settings can promote long-term adherence to physical activity. Accordingly, RT can serve as a key strategy for improving child health in the 21st century.