Micromagnetic Simulation: Methods, Applications, and Recent Advances

Micromagnetics is the continuum theory of magnetization dynamics at sub-micrometer length scales and nanosecond time scales. It forms the computational backbone for modelling domain structures, magnetization switching, spin-transfer and spin-orbit torques, and emergent topological magnetic textures such as skyrmions. This paper presents a comprehensive treatment of the micromagnetic model, numerical techniques used in simulations, commonly used software, representative case studies (domain-wall dynamics, skyrmion motion, magnetization reversal), and recent advances including multiscale coupling and GPU acceleration. Important numerical considerations, benchmarking strategies, and open challenges are discussed. The provided LaTeX source is intended as a standalone, publication-ready draft and includes placeholders for figures and extended references.