A Multipolarization-Enabled Generalized Joined Coupler (MPE-GJC) Matrix for Multibeam Antenna Arrays

This communication presents a novel multipolarization-enabled generalized joined coupler (MPE-GJC) matrix designed for multibeam and multipolarization antenna arrays. Multiple beams can be generated simultaneously, with each beam’s pointing direction independently configured. Each beam can adopt the same or different polarizations, arbitrarily selected from horizontal, vertical, left-hand circular, and right-hand circular polarizations. We propose two optimization methods—excitation vector optimization (EVO) and joint beam and multi-objective (JBMO) optimization—balancing computational efficiency and system performance. A <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$4\times 20$ </tex-math></inline-formula> MPE-GJC matrix was optimized using both methods and used to feed a <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1\times 10$ </tex-math></inline-formula> dual-polarized antenna array. Active radiation patterns of each antenna element, obtained through full-wave simulation, were employed to accurately assess the matrix’s beamforming capability. The results demonstrate that the four beams’ polarizations and main directions can be independently configured by adjusting only the phase shifter values. This provides a new solution to support both terrestrial and nonterrestrial communication for sixth-generation (6G) simultaneously, where linear and circular polarizations are desired, respectively.