Numerical Simulation of Deep Mixed Columns Beneath the Heavy-Haul Railway Embankment

One approach used to modify loose sand settlement under railway embankment involves deep mixed columns (DMCs). The geometrical properties of DMCs, such as the length, diameter, and spacing between adjacent columns, affect the distribution of load, failure mechanism, and ultimate resistance of a foundation constructed above soil reinforcement by this method. Numerical analysis is used as an alternative to laboratory modelling to minimize the cost and simplify the creation of complex DMC geometries in the lab. In this research, 3D Plaxis models are used to examine the influence of DMCs constructed under the embankment of a heavy-haul railway. The model used in this study has been calibrated and adjusted based on historical data from experimental tests on silty sand with low relative density. The study results offer details on how the bearing capacity of loose soil below train embankments is affected by the length and spacing of columns under static and dynamic loads.